Emma Tyldesley @EmmaGuirey
Postdoc @StrathMathStat. Researching marine survival of salmon @salmonalliance. Ecosystem modeller, nature enthusiast, trail runner, cyclist. Fochabers, Moray Joined February 2015-
Tweets173
-
Followers93
-
Following175
-
Likes665
🎙️🚨 #NOCIntoTheBlue is back - with its first ever mini-series! Over four episodes we'll be tackling the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (#AMOC) and posing some big questions to experts - including what would happen if it collapses? Coming soon... 🍿
🌊📈The 2023 average sea surface temperature (SST) for the European ocean was the warmest on record, according to #ESOTC. Parts of the Mediterranean Sea & the northeastern Atlantic Ocean saw their warmest annual average SST on record. ▶️ climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2023/eur…
With impeccable timing we've arrived to find our first study species on eggs ,laid today. Spot the Shag. Given the devastating winter for the east coast shag population its no surprise this is a month later than 2023 but earlier than we were predicting given how few have nests.
⏰ One month until the #BigRiverWatch! Between 3rd-6th of May, we're inviting everyone in the UK and Ireland to spend just 15 minutes of their bank holiday weekend helping us gather crucial data on #river health. ➡️ theriverstrust.org/big-river-watch #stateofourrivers #togetherforrivers
A fantastic opportunity for local people to visit Grosvenor's Reay Forest Estate in northwest Sutherland, including to find out more about Project Laxford. northern-times.co.uk/news/grosvenor… #wildsalmonfirst #salmonconservation #naturerestoration #scottishhighlands
A new citizen science weather data rescue project for Greenland Anyone can help unravel Greenland’s weather history: zooniverse.org/projects/johan…
We've been having many conversations about the carbon footprint of travelling to conferences here at SMRU so a group of us decided to cycle to the @eimr2024 conference in Orkney to raise awareness of climate change and raise money for a good cause justgiving.com/crowdfunding/S…
Wonderful to see these origami copepods and diatoms from @neilbanas displayed at the #ASSW2024
Our summary of 60 years #ecohydrology research into #salmon & #environment interactions at the #Girnock Burn in the #Cairngorms National Park. With @IainAMalcolm @TetzlaffEcoHyd @ScotGovMarine @LeibnizIGB onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hy…
📢Join us tomorrow for our online seminar! Holly Moeller (UCSB) @mixotrophe will present: ⭐️Trade, Borrow, or Steal: Combining math and experiments to understand acquired metabolism ⭐️ Free to all to join! Zoom link: iite.info/seminar/ Global times: timeanddate.com/worldclock/fix…
Orcas in the Moray Firth 27/2/24 A race between them arriving at your viewpoint and the setting sun! Three split from the pod and came inshore to give great views just before dusk descended! #Orca #MorayFirth #Cetaceans @whalesorg #CanonR7 #Moray
🚨 Permanent position alert! 🚨 Benthic Ecosystem Modellers! Would you like to meet BORIS?? Come join our crosscutting team of ecologists and modellers at @NOCnews to apply benthic models to #ClimateChange, #mCDR, #DeepSeaMining, ... #OceanJobs #MarineJobs careers.noc.ac.uk/vacancy/resear…
#JFB: Active feeding of downstream migrating juvenile pink salmon (𝘖𝘯𝘤𝘰𝘳𝘩𝘺𝘯𝘤𝘩𝘶𝘴 𝘨𝘰𝘳𝘣𝘶𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘢) revealed in a large Barents Sea river using diet and stable isotope analysis #FishSci doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15…
Great to see the plight of wild salmon reaching mainstream audiences and congratulations must go to the team behind Wild Summon for their BAFTA nomination. Catch it for a limited time via the link below. #wildsummon youtube.com/watch?v=oTWwJQ…
We have just started our latest #SalmonintheClassroom programme - one of the most rewarding & important things we do each year.🙌 Can you imagine how exciting it will be for the pupils as they watch hundreds of eggs hatch into Alevin, before releasing them into local burns.
❗️#FullyfundedPhD available❗️ Spatial #modelling of mackerel migrations and zonal attachment Uni: @UniStrathclyde @StrathMathStat PI: Dougie Speirs Deadline: Fri 29 Mar ➡️superdtp.st-andrews.ac.uk/how-to-apply/ #ecologicalmodelling #fisheries
Just incredible route of 2 Bewick’s Swan, a tour of Scotland and the North Sea before heading back!
How can ecology make transferable predictions in a changing and data-deficient world? I hope to make this the most interesting PhD I have ever supervised. Applications now open! #Transferability #FundamentalNiche #SDM #Ecology #Statistics @UofG_SBOHVM ecological-data-science.github.io/projects.html
Lerdeas @lerdeas51262
1 Followers 245 FollowingEbrima Kanteh @undoubtedebrima
70 Followers 1K Following God is the reason I made it this far in life.Sekeshede @sekeshede81707
0 Followers 148 FollowingHugh Harrop Wildlife @HughHarrop
37K Followers 16K Following Director & guide @shetlandwild | Cameraman | Orcaholic | Co-author of @PrincetonUPress Europe's Sea Mammals, Europe's Birds, Britain's Birds & British Birds.Dr Matt Clark @Ocean_MattC
288 Followers 468 Following Physical Oceanographer @NOCnews. Outdoors enthusiast & 4x former committee member @SotonSUHC. Fixer/driver of @toastrackbus. Goes to gigs. Views my own.Carol Sparling @carolspaks
997 Followers 1K Following Director of @_SMRU_ marine scientist, humanist, dog lover, music lover, rider of bikes, paddleboarder, she/her 🌈 views are my ownAtlantic Salmon Trust @AST_Salmon
2K Followers 459 Following Leading UK conservation charity on a mission to restore wild Atlantic salmon and their environment. #WildSalmonFirstDr. Kathy Mills @DrKathyMills
499 Followers 402 Following Research Scientist leading the Integrated Systems Ecology Lab at @GMRI.Stephen McLaren @StephenSMcLaren
198 Followers 528 Following Fisheries biologist, interested in mountain biking, fishing and the outdoors. All likes, RTs and views are my own.Jon Emery @Jon_C_Emery
3 Followers 51 FollowingJames Waggitt @jjwaggitt
2K Followers 1K Following Lecturer in Marine Biology at School Of Ocean Sciences, Bangor UniversityDickon Howell @dickonh
953 Followers 2K Following Director at Howell Marine Consulting. Marine scientist, policy specialist and regulatory expert, ex chief scientific advisor @The_mmoChristina Williams @DianaSanch85531
157 Followers 4K Following Tasha specializes in adult products (silicone dolls) and provides you with the best quality service, please visit the Telegram channel for details.Kate Searle @KateRSearle
509 Followers 527 Following Animal Ecologist with the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh. All views are my own.Gordon Hastie @gordon_hastie
672 Followers 666 FollowingPaul Fernandes @PaulFer13180972
200 Followers 79 FollowingGuillaume Dauphin @guillaumedauph1
195 Followers 267 Following Research scientist 👨🔬 On spousal leave-w/o-pay since 28/09/2023 due to my employer refusal to let me report to a different office. All views are my own.Dr Esther Jones @estlanejones
556 Followers 503 Following 🇺🇦 Group Lead (Strategy) for Offshore Renewables at BioSS. Spatial & movement ecology of seabirds & marine mammalsDr Doug McNeall @dougmcneall
17K Followers 2K Following Climate scientist and statistician, Met Office Hadley Centre and University of Exeter Global Systems Institute. Married to @lynsmccoll.Alexia M. González F.. @AM_GlezFerreras
157 Followers 502 Following Postdoc Researcher at @IHCantabria Freshwater Ecosystems 🐟Lucie Bourreau @1256_lucie
8 Followers 7 Following PhD Student in Oceanography at Université Laval (Québec, Canada) 🦐❄️Dr Laura Hobbs @HobbsLJ
954 Followers 913 Following Arctic marine scientist at @SAMSOceanNews. Tweets on marine research, #SciComm and #Arctic science. Proud #FRGS. Views my own.Ous Jallow @OusJall58139272
521 Followers 4K FollowingMudaththir Maqsood ح.. @mudaththir
403 Followers 840 Following Mountains | Winter | PhD, Animal (Fish) Biotechnology | Aquatic Vet | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences @skuast_kashmir | Assistant Professor (FGB) at TNU.Dr Anna Sturrock @otolithgirl
2K Followers 3K Following #UKRIFLF @Uni_of_Essex Assoc Prof | fish tracker | #otolith obsessive | #rstats | @FishFishJournal | @SeaUnicorn2020 | @TheFSBI #FSBI2023 | Mama of 2 | she/herPeter @Peterbetts64
70 Followers 104 Following 2nd Year Marine Biology PhD at the University of Essex | Working on the Metabolic Drivers of Life History Choices in Salmon 🐟Colin Bouchard @Bouch.. @BouchardC_
291 Followers 669 Following Scientific project manager at SCIMABIO Interface ~ #Fish#Ecology | #SpaceUse | #Behavior | #Bayesian & #RStudio ❤️ | #Wine & #Rugby🍷🏉| Tweets are my ownColin Bean @ProfColinBean
3K Followers 1K Following Conservation biologist who, like a dead fish, just goes with the flow. All views expressed are my own and RTs ≠ endorsementsKatie Dunkley @14Katie41
818 Followers 2K Following Junior Research Fellow @christs_college studying dynamics of reef species interactions and ecological networks. Member of @MarineBehavEcol based in @CamZoologyDr Catie Gutmann Robe.. @CatieGR
2K Followers 3K Following Lecturer in Environmental Science @PlymUni researching aquatic ecology of fish 🐟 She/herNicholas Dulvy @NickDulvy
8K Followers 5K Following Secures a living for fishes & fisheries; especially sustainability for sharks, rays & chimaeras. Global Shark Assessment findings: https://t.co/wcqPoUlQGSMichael Cameron @MikeCameron9
243 Followers 225 FollowingBob Wemyss @BobWemyss
17 Followers 23 FollowingAshley @graves_ashley12
222 Followers 3K FollowingAidan Long @Aidan_Long_
161 Followers 200 Following Marine ecology expert • Env. consultant • Researching our changing oceans & impacts of offshore sectors on the environmentHugh Venables @DeepSeaHugh
835 Followers 1K Following Oceanographer, birdwatcher, someone who tries to care (when the data say I should).David Walker @DavidWalke57925
615 Followers 5K Following Orthopedic Surgeon at United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia-UNSOMAlejandra G.Cabanilla.. @AlexGCabanillas
364 Followers 497 Following PhD student at @StrathMathStat modelling Scottish #Kelp forest dynamics. Funded through @SUPERDTP1. Currently hosted for an exchange at @IHCantabria.Shona Morrison @MorayShona
2K Followers 1K Following President at COSLA l SNP Councillor for Fochabers Lhanbryde l Co-Leader Moray Council SNP group. Views expressed are my own. She/HerKari Kia @KariKia1
12 Followers 142 Following There's always that one person,no matter how long it's been or how badly they treated you,you always find an excuse to forgive themLeah Strople @leah_strople
439 Followers 2K Following 🇨🇦🇳🇴PhD Candidate at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences examining alpine aquatic ecology as part of the Canadian CRÉA_CC projectBingzhang Chen @BingzhangC
216 Followers 504 Following Senior Lecturer in the Dept of Math&Stats, University of Strathclyde; Biological Oceanographer; Ecosystem modeller; R loverGraeme Diack @GraemeDiack
29 Followers 92 FollowingMatilda Gray @mcfgray
244 Followers 553 Following •🌊 PhD researcher @UniStrathclyde 🌊• 🏳️🌈 • Studying the Latitudinal Diversity of Phytoplankton 🔬(they/them)Scottish Freshwater G.. @Scottish_FwGrp
2K Followers 2K Following SFG membership enables connections which serve the environment & people | Coordinated by @Dr_LangP & the SFG Team | Supported by @StirUni @UK_CEH #freshwatersNorth Atlantic Salmon.. @NASCO_Sec
1K Followers 405 Following International organization with the objective to conserve, restore, enhance and rationally manage Atlantic salmon through international co-operationCarol Sparling @carolspaks
997 Followers 1K Following Director of @_SMRU_ marine scientist, humanist, dog lover, music lover, rider of bikes, paddleboarder, she/her 🌈 views are my ownDr Helen Scales @helenscales
9K Followers 4K Following Marine biologist, writer, broadcaster. Latest books: What the Wild Sea Can Be, Scientists in the Wild Antarctica, Return of the Wild. Repped by @MargaretESBNaturally Speaking @theNSpodcast
784 Followers 435 Following Research and science banter from @UofG_SBOHVM. #theNSpodcast #theNSblogUniversity of Strathc.. @StrathclydeRSE
98 Followers 45 Following Research Software Engineers of the University of Strathclyde. Now on Mastodon at: @[email protected].NOAAFish_NEFSC @NOAAFish_NEFSC
4K Followers 750 Following Providing ecosystem-based science to support stewardship of living marine resources under changing climatic conditions. Some images taken by special permit.louise chavarie @louisechavarie
2K Followers 3K Following 🇨🇦 Associate professor at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences, salmonids, evolutionary ecology, aquatic ecology, fisheries. @[email protected]Dr. Kathy Mills @DrKathyMills
499 Followers 402 Following Research Scientist leading the Integrated Systems Ecology Lab at @GMRI.Cassandre Laure Beaug.. @CassandreBeaugr
12K Followers 266 Following French triathlete 🎲 2x Olympian 👣 ADIDASWelsh Dee Trust @WelshDeeTrust
1K Followers 1K Following Caring for the entire River Dee across North Wales and Cheshire for the benefit of wildlife and people. Siarad Cymraeg? @DyfrdwyCymruJason Matthiopoulos @JMatthiopoulos
1K Followers 543 Following Mathematical and statistical ecologist with interest in population and spatial processes. Applications in conservation and epidemiology.International Initiat.. @iite_info
1K Followers 26 Following Creating an integrated platform to promote visibility, applications, teaching, funding, and advancement the of science of theoretical ecology.UofG Maths and Stats @UofGMaths_Stats
1K Followers 223 Following School of Mathematics & Statistics @UofGlasgow—combining world-leading research expertise in pure & applied #maths & #stats | #TeamUofG #WorldChangingGlasgow 🌍Chris Packham @ChrisGPackham
631K Followers 638 Following Wildlife TV Presenter & Conservationist – sign up to my newsletter below. #RestoreNatureNowRoss Glover @RossGlvr
338 Followers 309 Following Fisheries scientist working in renewable energy. Interested in salmon, trout & eel ecology & behaviour. All views my own, etc.SMRU @_SMRU_
5K Followers 510 Following Sea Mammal Research Unit @univofstandrews. RTs are not endorsements. Check out our commercial arm @SMRU_Consulting & telemetry tag developers @SMRU_InstrumentHowell Marine Consult.. @HowellMarineCo
464 Followers 1K Following Building a Sustainable Blue EconomyGordon Hastie @gordon_hastie
672 Followers 666 FollowingDickon Howell @dickonh
953 Followers 2K Following Director at Howell Marine Consulting. Marine scientist, policy specialist and regulatory expert, ex chief scientific advisor @The_mmoDrMJWitt @DrMJWitt
3K Followers 3K Following Associate Professor in Natural Environment at Univ. of Exeter (UK). Working to improve the marine environment using science and technology.British Antarctic Sur.. @BAS_News
55K Followers 2K Following Uncovering the secrets of Earth's frozen places, and doing science for a sustainable planet.Guillaume Dauphin @guillaumedauph1
195 Followers 267 Following Research scientist 👨🔬 On spousal leave-w/o-pay since 28/09/2023 due to my employer refusal to let me report to a different office. All views are my own.SEPAFlood @SEPAFlood
3K Followers 70 Following Scotland's flooding updates & information provided by @ScottishEPA This feed is not monitored.Prof Alex Nimmo Smith @AlexNimmoSmith
650 Followers 308 Following Marine Science & Technology. Opinions my own. He/him.Dr Esther Jones @estlanejones
556 Followers 503 Following 🇺🇦 Group Lead (Strategy) for Offshore Renewables at BioSS. Spatial & movement ecology of seabirds & marine mammalsChristoph Deeg @ChristophDeeg
142 Followers 116 Following Genes, Viruses, Microbes, Evolution, Ecology, Fish, Conservation, Nature, Fun Outdoors.ReactiveHypo @ReactiveHypo
76 Followers 13 Following Finally, a reactive hypoglycaemia community! Get involved to help others and enhance your toolbox for managing RH. It's friendly here!Lucie Bourreau @1256_lucie
8 Followers 7 Following PhD Student in Oceanography at Université Laval (Québec, Canada) 🦐❄️Peter @Peterbetts64
70 Followers 104 Following 2nd Year Marine Biology PhD at the University of Essex | Working on the Metabolic Drivers of Life History Choices in Salmon 🐟Dr Anna Sturrock @otolithgirl
2K Followers 3K Following #UKRIFLF @Uni_of_Essex Assoc Prof | fish tracker | #otolith obsessive | #rstats | @FishFishJournal | @SeaUnicorn2020 | @TheFSBI #FSBI2023 | Mama of 2 | she/herThe Continuous Plankt.. @CPRSurvey
6K Followers 1K Following The CPR Survey is the largest marine ecological survey in the world, monitoring the health of our oceans. Part of the Marine Biological Association @thembaukKatie Dunkley @14Katie41
818 Followers 2K Following Junior Research Fellow @christs_college studying dynamics of reef species interactions and ecological networks. Member of @MarineBehavEcol based in @CamZoologyNicholas Dulvy @NickDulvy
8K Followers 5K Following Secures a living for fishes & fisheries; especially sustainability for sharks, rays & chimaeras. Global Shark Assessment findings: https://t.co/wcqPoUlQGSBumblebee Conservatio.. @BumblebeeTrust
73K Followers 431 Following The Bumblebee Conservation Trust is the only charity dedicated wholly to saving the UK's bumblebees.Colin Adams @C_Adams1758
851 Followers 208 FollowingJohn Pinnegar @johnkpinnegar
1K Followers 320 Following Director of the Collaborative Centre for Sustainable Use of the Seas (CCSUS) at Cefas and UEA and of the International Marine Climate Change Centre (iMC3).Chloe Cargill (She/He.. @meta_kittiwake
399 Followers 392 Following PhD student @UoABioSci, visiting researcher @univofstandrews, population connectivity in #kittiwake, @SUPERDTP1. + Conservation Pathway Project Lead @UKSTEM_UK.Aidan Long @Aidan_Long_
161 Followers 200 Following Marine ecology expert • Env. consultant • Researching our changing oceans & impacts of offshore sectors on the environmentHugh Venables @DeepSeaHugh
835 Followers 1K Following Oceanographer, birdwatcher, someone who tries to care (when the data say I should).Buitengebieden @buitengebieden
2.8M Followers 74 Following Welcome to the positive side of 𝕏. I’m Sander from the Netherlands. All copyrights belong to their respective owners! DM for credits/removal/submission!Becky Excell 💙 @beckyexcell
35K Followers 336 Following 🎂 Gluten-free recipes ✏️ 5x Sunday Times best selling author 🥹 BBC food creator of the year 🤯 OFM best food personality 🧡 @coeliac_uk ambassador PREORDER:UFollowtheOcean @UFollowtheOcean
6K Followers 415 Following A group of researchers at Utrecht University (Netherlands) using the OceanParcels particle tracking framework to follow plastic and anything else in the ocean!Esks Fishery Board @EsksBoard
262 Followers 175 Following Esk District Salmon Fishery Board and Esk Rivers & Fisheries TrustSEAPOP @SEAPOP4
663 Followers 23 Following SEAPOP (SEAbird POPulations) is a long-term monitoring and mapping programme for Norwegian seabirds that was established in 2005.Salmonid Ecology Grou.. @SEG_GBG
254 Followers 193 Following Research group based at @goteborgsuni studying salmonid ecology.IPCC @IPCC_CH
419K Followers 924 Following Official account of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the @UN body for assessing the science related to climate change.Guy Shrubsole @guyshrubsole
51K Followers 3K Following Environmental campaigner & author, The Lie of the Land (William Collins, Sept 2024), The Lost Rainforests of Britain, & Who Owns England? Agent: @JMLockhart2Dr Matt Clark @Ocean_MattC
288 Followers 468 Following Physical Oceanographer @NOCnews. Outdoors enthusiast & 4x former committee member @SotonSUHC. Fixer/driver of @toastrackbus. Goes to gigs. Views my own.🎙️ Dee Caffari (@deecaffari), one of our ambassadors, popped into NOC earlier today to record a voiceover for our latest animation in the works - all about the #AMOC! Keep an eye on our YouTube channel in the next few months to be the first to see it... 👀 #NOCAmbassadors
@UKCEHseabirds @UK_CEH @NatureScot Day three of the puffin count - foggy but successful.
It’s coeliac awareness month. Coeliac disease is an often misunderstood condition - it’s not an allergy, it’s not an intolerance, it’s not a lifestyle choice. It’s a chronic autoimmune condition which can impact daily life massively. Sending ❤️ to anyone who with the disease x
Today we launch our month long campaign to drive awareness of coeliac disease. Did you know that an estimated 500,000 people in the UK are living with undiagnosed coeliac disease? That’s why this year, we’re doubling down on our mission to find those individuals and guide…
Arguably the most exciting day in the #HelsinkiBikeCommute calendar……the extra layers of the past 6.5 months are finally discarded
It has taken 45 authors, 1914 tagged fish, from 25 rivers in 8 projects to describe the coastal pathways taken by salmon smolts from Ireland, N. Ireland, W Scotland & England in this new paper. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jf… @JessicaRFordyce @Jessie__Lilly @AST_Salmon @ProfColinBean
Check out our new paper on the early marine migration of Atl. salmon smolts from multiple rivers in Scotland, England, Ireland and N.Ireland @sceneUofG @SeaMonitor1 @AST_Salmon onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jf…
The power of collaboration - check out this new paper which describes the inshore and offshore marine migration pathways of Atlantic salmon post-smolts from multiple rivers in Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Ireland doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15…
Do you work or volunteer with young people? The #ScottishOutdoorAccessCode Education Resource Pack is full of fun activities for encouraging responsible access when exploring Scotland's great outdoors, and it is adaptable for all age groups. ⤵️ orlo.uk/vNDMl
Nice review of this attempted reintroduction campaign. Reintroducing Atlantic salmon in the river Rhine for decades: Why did it not result in the return of a viable population? - Rijssel - River Research and Applications - Wiley Online Library onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rr…
Was nice to catch this stunning Ring Ouzel in one of the Heligoland traps on @FI_Obs this afternoon! What a stunner!
Enjoyed @Climformatics immensely. Takeaways - MLWP got really good. Disruptive change happening in Earth system modelling. Process models still useful, especially in climate/unobserved things. Gaussian processes and random forests (house!) are used more than you think,
A dapper drake North American Blue-winged Teal at Scatness, Shetland this evening. Still a very rare bird in these parts with <10 previous county records.
🌊📈The 2023 average sea surface temperature (SST) for the European ocean was the warmest on record, according to #ESOTC. Parts of the Mediterranean Sea & the northeastern Atlantic Ocean saw their warmest annual average SST on record. ▶️ climate.copernicus.eu/esotc/2023/eur…
"Using citizen science to better understand Risso’s Dolphin presence in northeast Scotland and the Northern Isles". Delighted to be a co-author of this paper published today in 'Frontiers in Conservation Science'. Full version at tinyurl.com/2bv96a7j #citizenscience
“ Chris, has never chosen one of my pictures or videos for #FoxOfTheDay but given the cuteness of our new born kits, there is hope! “ Here you go @urbanponds101 , top work !
First multi author session on Collisions and Other Animal Interactions has started! Beginning with @gordon_hastie from @_SMRU_ talking about the use of sonar to track animals around tidal energy devices. 1/n 🧵
If the @ScotTories are going to post this shite through my door, at least do it with an accurate representation of data rather than this bodged effort to make the gap between 1st and 2nd place close than it is. Accurate graph as annotated. #Election2024 @theSNP #dataviz
The cyclists have made it to the north coast! Day 5 and Orkney tomorrow!! Another day of tailwinds and some stunning scenery @eimr2024 we're almost there!!! @SAMSoceannews
Nice to see a large group of shags on Tiree. This has been a rare sight on the east coast in recent months due to the storm related mortality over the winter.