Myrkvid Wanderer @MyrkvidWanderer
Sagas | Tolkien | Northern Courage | Northern Aesthetics Joined August 2021-
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This painting is over 100 years old. It was made by a Swedish illustrator called John Bauer, one of the most important artists you've never heard of. His revolutionary art influenced everything from graphic novels to animated films to video games, and here's why...
As a huge #Tolkien fan, I am amazed at how many artists brought his Middle Earth to life. Alan Lee, Ted Nasmith, Marc Simonetti, and even the Queen of Denmark! But my favourite is Denis Gordeev, a Russian who made Tolkien's characters and world truly medieval (and real).
Did you know Tolkien got the phrase “Lord of the Rings” from 𝘉𝘦𝘰𝘸𝘶𝘭𝘧? Two Old English forms occur in the poem: “hringa fenġel” and “hringa þenġel.” It refers to an ancient Germanic custom, in which rulers would give rings to their followers in exchange for loyalty:…
There is a remedy to contemporary nihilism: Reading Thomas Aquinas and Dante Alighieri.
There are a lot of misconceptions about feudalism. Rather than a contrived political system, feudalism was really just a series of loyalties. For near a millennia, civilization was held together by the oaths of honorable men...🧵
G.K. Chesterton observed that fairy tales have the power to imprint in us a certain ethic and way of looking at life. For him, it was one of the essential building blocks of his religiosity. He called it the Ethics of Elfland. 🧵
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@culturaltutor One of the most unique artists of all time, he defined the “fairy tale” style art of all that came after him.
But of all these many influences and great artists, it's hard to find one more original than John Bauer. He breathed new life into illustration and, though we cannot say he singlehandedly created a new form of art, he clearly helped to do so... John Bauer achieved his dream.
There was also major influence from Japan. When Japan's borders were forcibly opened to international trade in the 1850s and 1860s ukiyo-e — Japanese woodblock prints, made in the thousands for the popular market — flooded Europe. They changed European art forever.
Doré was dismissed as a "mere" illustrator by the artistic establishment. But he, like Bauer, created art that was beloved by the people who read and loved these stories. And so, in time, their belief in the artistic potential of "mere" illustration changed everything.
And another important figure was Gustave Doré. He was perhaps the most prolific illustrator of the 19th century, producing thousands of fabulous images to illustrate everything from the Bible to epic poems like Orlando Furioso or Paradise Lost, along with Don Quixote.
Meanwhile in France there was Henri Toulouse-Lautrec. His speciality was posters rather than illustrations, but even so he was still part of this broader, continental revolution in graphic design that expanded art beyond the world of murals and canvasses:
Bauer was not alone in doing this, of course. In Britain there was Arthur Rackham, who like Bauer illustrated tales from folklore and the operas of Richard Wagner also.
He represents a turning point from the decidedly stale world of 19th century illustration to the modern era whereby illustration — including comics, graphic novels, animated films, and most recently video games — have become a fully fledged genre of their own.
The full influence of Bauer is hard to quantify. No doubt he was immensely influential in his homeland, and people like Brian Froud and Neil Gaiman have acknowledged his work. But Bauer's impact on everything from animation to video games is likely far greater than we realise.
Because from those rather drab 19th century illustrations something new had emerged. Bauer's fairytales are genuinely compelling, even frightening, and darkly magical. These look familiar to us because this sort of illustration has become common; back then it was revolutionary.
He was never happy with his own work, always haunted by self-doubt, and felt that he had never achieved his goal of closing the gap between "real art" and "illustration". But, to others, he *had* shown that the latter could be just as good as the former, in its own way.
You can see why John Bauer has been so influential; thousands grew up with his drawings, which were published in the annual anthology of Swedish folkore called "Among Gnomes and Trolls". The design of parts of Minecraft was inspired by his depictions of forests and caves:
He also liked to depict scenes in a way that was almost two-dimensional. This harked back to Medieval art, but Bauer did not merely imitate — he reapplied it in a new way. These illustrations look rather similar to platformer video games:
How did he do it? Notice that Bauer used unusual compositions. His figures are often squashed into the frame, or positioned at the extreme of one side, leaving swathes of empty space. An unusual choice, but it gives these images a suitable sense of mystery and strangeness.
In short, John Bauer gave illustration a visual language of its own. No longer would illustrations be made in reference to the art of the Academies or to the Renaissance. Bauer wanted to make illustration a distinct form of art, and he succeeded: