RyanStoneCowboy @RyanStoneCowboy
Economics & Comics; Music, Art & Falling Apart; Rock 'n' Roll w/ Logos & Soul; Held Together w/ Denim & Leather. thesenumbers.org Belfast, N. Ireland via Juba, S. Sudan Joined May 2009-
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New PhD course📚 From Numbers to Narratives: Data Techniques in Economics, Demography, and Social Sciences 🤩Lectures by @NJCummins 🗓️17-21 June 🇩🇰 University of Southern Denmark, Odense ⏰ Registration deadline, 1 June (link in comments) 👉Read more: econ.au.dk/old/news-and-e…
Field hockey stick of shrinkage?
Important reporting by @declanwalsh on the civil warfare in DR Congo, which may have killed 6 million people over the decades and now is entering a new phase. Murder, rape and hunger are widespread. Rwanda bears responsibility, and the UK is unhelpful. nytimes.com/2023/12/17/wor…
Why have a dog when you can have a rat? Rats are less pestilent & more lovable than we think. They didn't spread the Black Death, play hide-&-seek w/ humans for a tickle, express empathy & can laugh. Can/should we learn to live w/ them? hakaimagazine.com/features/in-de… via @hakaimagazine
#COP28 #ClimateChange is about consumption of very richest people in our global society. 50% of global emissions are emitted by just 10% of the population. 90% of global emissions by 50% of the population. We need climate justice to save our planet. The rich need to step up
Solar deployment is now happening at a roughly $500B annualized rate. Which technology deployments were larger than this? The US's aircraft production during WWII seems to have peaked at maybe $400B (inflation-adjusted). Global datacenter construction appears to be maybe…
@JosephPolitano Well then this will be interesting to economists - Japan’s Philips curve looks like Japan
I've taught international trade for many a semester & I do think a new chapter is required in our trade textbooks. See @MargRev discussion below ⬇️. Check out @Noahpinion for continuous wonderful discussion on the renewed pertinence of industrial policy. marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolu…
This is what it feels like to be alive as we approach the end of the world as we know it. There is time to avoid the worst but it means every single one of us becoming activists. Leave it to other people and we are toast. Listen to David Attenborough who warned us time and again
How to beat Napoleon? Get an army nearly twice as large as him and then you've got a decent chance. "Napoleonic France won even though outnumbered on average by 9%, whereas their opposition won only when they outnumbered the French by typically 83%."
#WomensWorldCup This is cool. However: based on simulating matches w/ FIFA rankings, which doesn't offer proportional match-ups, especially in women's football. Area of each region = chance of success @ that stage & pathways show possible matches. Source: reddit.com/r/dataisbeauti…
A win for public health! Especially the 45% of US women facing *at least* 1 barrier to reproductive healthcare (jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…). After the Roe abortion bans, the contraceptive pill, Opill (norgestrel), will be available OTC without prescription⬇️. healthcare-brew.com/stories/2023/0…
The Tolkiens knew how to throw a party
How we do education (& our expectations of the educational process), both at the secondary & higher levels, is going to have to change!!! #AI "The Homework Apocalypse", by @emollick open.substack.com/pub/oneusefult…
I spent last week in South Sudan, where thousands of people are flooding over the border from neighbouring Sudan to flee the war. What I saw shocked me to the core - and though it may feel far away, the UK has a role in all of this. This is what I found🧵
An example of how AI is changing our world: Could @OpenAI's ChatGPT allow skilled pastors to conduct services quickly, easily & anywhere, from the comfort of home? Will there be a market for 'pastoral prompters' as opposed to AI replacing the clergy?? arstechnica.com/information-te…
John Turner @ProfJohnTurner
5K Followers 1K Following Professor of Finance and Financial History at QUB; Director of @QUCEHBelfast and @CEPH_IE; Author of @BoomBustBubbles; Editor at @EconObservatory
Stephen Billington @stevie_bill
427 Followers 616 Following Lecturer in Economics at Ulster University.
QUB Economic History @QUCEHBelfast
3K Followers 2K Following Official Twitter account of QUCEH. Explaining the Past to Understand the Present. Links, shares, posts and follows are not endorsed by @QUBelfast
Graham Brownlow @GrahamBrownlow
3K Followers 2K Following Economist, Senior Lecturer at QBS. FRSA. Bangor FC fan and lover of low brow cinema. My only Twitter account, though I've accounts on other platforms.
Jan Carson @JanCarson7280
12K Followers 1K Following Trying to do everything at once and never miss Casualty. For bookings and queries contact my agent or PR. Details on website.
Matt Bird ⚜️ @LouliganBird
1K Followers 689 Following @stlouligans This is Silly pod. St Louis soccer supporter. Audax Cyclist. England to STL.
Centre for Economics,.. @ceph_ie
1K Followers 814 Following CEPH is an all-Ireland centre of excellence funded by the Higher Education Authority, linking Trinity College Dublin and Queen's University Belfast.
Steve Stockman @Stoxo
4K Followers 950 Following writer (books & blog), minister (Fitzroy), music fan, Man City fan, theo-musicologist, MBE for dabbling in peace building and organising 4 Corners Festival...
Willie @willierowe83
158 Followers 3K Following
McNotyne @MNotyne19022
46 Followers 2K Following
Doris_ @Doris4174315587
32 Followers 2K Following
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8 Followers 695 Following
Esteban J. Quiñones,.. @estebanjq3
3K Followers 5K Following Development economist, demographer & social scientist @MathematicaNow Anti-fascist Anti-racist he/el 🇺🇸🇪🇨
Arvydas Fergusson @Arvydas77
3K Followers 3K Following Historian by passion, programmer by necessity.
Georgia_US_ @GeorgiaUS120527
18 Followers 2K Following
MeadowGlow @GlowMeadow54112
22 Followers 2K Following
us_Nicole_ @usNicole182111
18 Followers 2K Following
Artist Growth Managem.. @Virgini00729642
1K Followers 5K Following Artists ! Choose your Promo Deal 👉 https://t.co/01c0z7wzjN 🔥Instagram, Facebook, Twitter... 🎵Youtube, Soundcloud, Spotify....
Diane @ferrisdiane70
173 Followers 3K Following
Nylah Oneal @NylahO45711
72 Followers 3K Following
Magan Hensel @MaganHense48786
98 Followers 3K Following
ALL-Samanta Leitão @teeckath46968
1 Followers 762 Following Melhores de meio período,junte-se a All,ganhe mais de 200 por dia,se você estiver interessado,tome a iniciativa de conversar comigo em particular!
Chelsea Mitchell @ChelseaMit57506
123 Followers 3K Following
Livia Gallegos @GallegosLi81529
106 Followers 3K Following
Melinda @mcknight24melin
242 Followers 3K Following
Sapene @Sapene1262968
114 Followers 4K Following
Tom Dante @Trader_Damte
25 Followers 1K Following Successful trading is like getting pregnant. Everyone congratulates you when when you manage it but no one asks you how many times you got fucked first.
Make money easily @XW2q71Hjy7JIq1
4 Followers 299 Following MEXC focuses on financial management, stocks, cryptocurrencies, digital assets and investments. Currently, new users can get free dollars when they sign up.
Beatrice @torres75beatric
108 Followers 3K Following
PlayMeld - Neuro Resi.. @PlayMeld
12 Followers 215 Following Welcome to Playmeld, a company behind "Neuro Resistance" - a mobile game that encourages physical activity and teamwork.
Charmaine @dixon67charmain
161 Followers 3K Following
Jesse @Tashe1543054
65 Followers 3K Following 아주 아름다운 나라예요. 당신 나라의 남자들은 매우 신사적입니다. 당신과 친구하고 싶어요 https://t.co/DpkKPiZdy3 LiYY1225543 https://t.co/i3Ux8yWGIQ
Arsalan @Arsalan_1998
550 Followers 743 Following Aspiring academic, interested in everything development. First year PhD Economics @UDelaware, @LifeAtLUMS alumnus
Mia Ho @HoMia33746
105 Followers 3K Following
Jean @jean61horton
202 Followers 3K Following
Cleo @navarrocleo63
215 Followers 3K Following
Janice @janicegraham65
274 Followers 3K Following
Meng Wu @MengWu_EcoHis
459 Followers 457 Following Lecturer/Assistant Professor (From 2024 Sep-) @ManMetSES Postdoc @BritishAcademy_ @ManUniEconomics PhD @LSEEcHist Economic History of China
Stephanie @scott89stephani
187 Followers 3K Following
Capitalism and Freedo.. @capandfreedom
439 Followers 276 Following 1-on-1 interviews on economics, markets & policy talking each guest's main ideas over their career. “quite simply one of the best podcasts ever” -Tyler Cowen
Jon Hartley @Jon_Hartley_
11K Followers 11K Following Institutions & Regulation in Finance/Labor. Macro. Firms. Housing. Debt. AI. Econ PhD(c) @Stanford @FREOPP @MLInstitute @CapAndFreedom @EconClubofMiami 🇨🇦🇺🇸
Josh Boitnott @jfb_nott
35 Followers 267 Following PhD in computational Economics, teach econ. American in Canada. Wife, 2 Kids, cat, & ADHD. Interests: Econ hist, Econ growth, poli sci, streamers, video games…
瀬川雅 @ChuanYa17246
0 Followers 228 Following 子育て&パート勤務でも最低年収9500万円を継続できるようになり、自由な生活へ💯 スマホ1つでプチ起業🥁 スマホ一つで、最低月20万円貰える副業をDMでご紹介させて頂いています（フォロワーさんにのみ）👌
Paul Sharp @PaulSharpEcHist
525 Followers 378 Following Professor of Economic History at the Historical Economics and Development Group (HEDG), University of Southern Denmark.
Sandra @hrabal_sandra
258 Followers 3K Following
Sophie @SophieAziz123
5K Followers 5K Following Muslim | Recovering from my 2nd spinal surgery | Coeliac | Mother of 3 | Art lover | F1 #TEAMLH
Philipp Uhl @phuuhl
0 Followers 3 Following
Matthew Jacobs @matthew93622500
2K Followers 4K Following Gone for three years ,I never give my money to people who are scammers and looking for friends, don't pay for hookups and poor and a victim of scammers
Kesh Marley🕊 @KeshMarley3
486 Followers 2K Following If you like love me, if you like don't love still on the grind people that will love me will be here for me on God
Amalia Di Girolamo @ami_digi
537 Followers 674 Following Behavioural and Experimental Economist, Assistant Professor @unibirmingham. Research Interest in Education, Cognition, Gender and Risk.
Stephen Millard @EconSteveM
894 Followers 692 Following 26 1/2 years at the Bank of England before becoming Deputy Director for Macroeconomics and Forecasting at NIESR. I enjoy watching cricket and playing the piano.
Mauricio Romero @marome1
5K Followers 3K Following 🇨🇴in🇲🇽. Mountaineer, cyclist, and climber. Econ & math @Uniandes → Ph.D. @UCSDEcon → Assistant Prof @ITAM_MX. Views are my own.
Just Jillian @justjillianblog
1K Followers 1K Following Hi, I'm Jillian! Stock and Reader Development Services Manager. Blogger about books, reading, authors and everything literary for LibrariesNI☕️📚📚
The Small Library Com.. @TheSmallLib
1K Followers 4K Following Buying, selling and organising books for private libraries.
Zoophoria Stories @ZoophoriaStori1
135 Followers 382 Following ☀️ Newquay, Cornwall ☀️ Follow the animals of Zoophoria Safari Park as they play, learn and grow together. Get your copy @ https://t.co/CHNK6P5wMp
Edward Kerby @Edkerby
298 Followers 599 Following Economist . Historian . Researching African financial and economic history @StellenboschUni. Principal Researcher: @TimeTravelData and @Front_Finance
Axel Dreher @DreherAxel
19K Followers 18K Following Professor of International and Development Politics @UniHeidelberg and Editor of RIO. Affiliated with @The_PEIO, @AidData, @cepr_org. #china #aid #firstgen
John Turner @ProfJohnTurner
5K Followers 1K Following Professor of Finance and Financial History at QUB; Director of @QUCEHBelfast and @CEPH_IE; Author of @BoomBustBubbles; Editor at @EconObservatory
Stephen Billington @stevie_bill
427 Followers 616 Following Lecturer in Economics at Ulster University.
QUB Economic History @QUCEHBelfast
3K Followers 2K Following Official Twitter account of QUCEH. Explaining the Past to Understand the Present. Links, shares, posts and follows are not endorsed by @QUBelfast
Graham Brownlow @GrahamBrownlow
3K Followers 2K Following Economist, Senior Lecturer at QBS. FRSA. Bangor FC fan and lover of low brow cinema. My only Twitter account, though I've accounts on other platforms.
Economics Observatory @EconObservatory
6K Followers 692 Following Daily answers to economic questions. Policy briefings, writing classes and a new data hub | @econromesh @RD_Economist @charlie_meyrick @csaladenes
Jagjit S. Chadha @jagjit_chadha
4K Followers 58 Following Director. National Institute of Economic and Social Research. Macroeconomics. Business Cycles. Commentary.
The Productivity Inst.. @TPIProductivity
3K Followers 706 Following The Productivity Institute aims to better understand, measure, & enable improvements in productivity across the UK | ESRC funded | HQ @alliancembs @officialuom
JPCampbellBiz @JP_Biz
34K Followers 1K Following BBC NI Economics & Business Editor. Based in Belfast. [email protected]
QUBBusiness @QUBBusiness
2K Followers 689 Following Queen's Business School delivers world-class education & research at one of @RussellGroup’s leading research-intensive universities. #QBSResearch
Ronan Lyons @ronanlyons
26K Followers 1K Following Associate Prof @tcdeconomics, Director @TRiSSTCD and Data Lead @ceph_ie. Dad of 3, husband of 1. Housing, cities, history. Soccer coach (no badges!), rugby fan.
Jan Carson @JanCarson7280
12K Followers 1K Following Trying to do everything at once and never miss Casualty. For bookings and queries contact my agent or PR. Details on website.
David Torrance @davidtorrance
30K Followers 275 Following @CommonsLibrary Clerk covering N. Ireland, Wales, Scotland & monarchy; Visiting Researcher at @UniWestminster; author of non-fiction - agent @NorthbankTalent
Sam McBride @SJAMcBride
84K Followers 87 Following Northern Ireland Editor of the Belfast Telegraph & Sunday Independent. Author of Burned: The Inside Story of the Cash-for-Ash Scandal. Any views mine alone.
Chris Blattman @cblatts
102K Followers 5K Following Economist, political scientist & writer @UChicago @HarrisPolicy. See my book Why We Fight: https://t.co/pwWjDnGY6O
Dr Órfhlaith Campbel.. @drorfh
7K Followers 5K Following PhD - History of Prohibition in Ireland PostGrad Diploma - Sub Use.
Peter Hull @instrumenthull
43K Followers 3K Following Professor @Brown_Economics, studying applied econometrics, discrimination, education, and healthcare. Editor @restatjournal, affiliate @nberpubs. I like IV.
Geoffrey M Hodgson #F.. @g_m_hodgson
9K Followers 10K Following Books: Wealth of a Nation, Liberal Solidarity, Is Socialism Feasible? Wrong Turnings, Conceptualizing Capitalism. @lborolondon. Ed Jnl Instit Econ. @WINIR2013
Sara O'Neill Artist �.. @SaraONeillArt
19K Followers 6K Following Éadach Designer/scribbler. Storytelling in pencil & silk, inspired by Irish mythology, folklore, women & history. Bean Ultach. New collection @ Brown Thomas.
Geneva Graduate Insti.. @GVAGrad
28K Followers 667 Following A leading institution of research and higher education dedicated to the study of world affairs and located in the heart of International Geneva.
Time Capsule Tales @timecaptales
396K Followers 37 Following History & nostalgia thru pictures & videos!
The Halfway Post @HalfwayPost
58K Followers 24K Following Dada news. Halfway true comedy and satire by @DashMacIntyre. I don't report the facts, I improve them. https://t.co/jjyLTxJe3E
Zinc Network @This_Is_Zinc
1K Followers 381 Following We help our clients deliver meaningful, measurable change around some of the most complex social issues facing the world today.
Arvydas Fergusson @Arvydas77
3K Followers 3K Following Historian by passion, programmer by necessity.
derek guy @dieworkwear
850K Followers 963 Following Menswear writer. Editor at @putthison. Creator of @RLGoesHard. Bylines at The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Financial Times, Esquire, and Mr. Porter
COCOREADO_H2020 🇪�.. @cocoreado
843 Followers 768 Following Cocoreado is a project funded by the European Commission aiming at connecting #consumers and #producers to rebalance #farmers´position (101000573)
Jase_Ziv83 @jaseziv
2K Followers 588 Following Creator of the {worldfootballR} , {chessR}, {nblR} and {bettRtab} #rstats packages, among others. Views my own. https://t.co/eAh5KdmFju
Russ Cook @hardestgeezer
354K Followers 185 Following The first person ever to run the full length of Africa @huel @perfecttednrg @hoka
💙🌹Buffy🌹💙 @buffybatik
11K Followers 11K Following 🌹Socialist🌹 I want to live in a country run by a government whose principal aim is the care & wellbeing of its people. Is that so unreasonable?
Freddie @FreddieBailey96
57K Followers 46K Following Labour Councillor and Cabinet Member for Environment & Community Safety at @PrestonCouncil - Socialist & Trade Unionist #AVFC [email protected]
gencraft_ai @gencraft_ai
39K Followers 0 Following The world's fastest (and free!) AI image and video engine. Available at https://t.co/RYyNK69vFI, iOS, and Android. Join our Discord: https://t.co/D7AXNz03Ia
Nathan Spearing @thespearing
7K Followers 196 Following Building a Tactical Household. 14yrs Army SpecOps, homeschooling 5 kids on 50 acre homestead, living in a bus while we build, running construction company.
Jess Yen | Decision O.. @JessYenX
198 Followers 136 Following Sold my DTC company. Performance coach to $1M+ net worth clients. I write a newsletter that teaches you how to make better decisions and increase productivity
Coach Jacob | Dopamin.. @TheCoachJacob
11K Followers 387 Following Teaching 6-7 figures professionals how to add 4 hours to their day with my Dopamine Mastery Framework. Insights on how to fix our relationship with Technology.
JBGoodbody @JBGoodbody
479 Followers 754 Following Science lover, USAF Vet, retired satirist, independent progressive. UVA SEAS ‘93. #GoHoos #AllForCity. Boffin 🪐🔬🧬 📚 at heart.
CoffeeWithTheClassics @CoffeewClassics
31K Followers 635 Following Truth, Goodness, and Beauty from Great Books & Culture | Make Reading Great Literature a Daily Ritual
Culture Critic @Culture_Crit
1.3M Followers 998 Following Tradition is not the worship of ashes, but the preservation of fire.
Figen @TheFigen_
1.7M Followers 11 Following PhD musicology/Teacher/Turkish woman/ Posting #humor #art #history #cool #Motivation #Memes content. DM for credit - and X is a King!
Prague Raptors Footba.. @PragueRaptors
3K Followers 88 Following New, High Energy, Inclusive, Multi-Cultural, Non-Profit Football Club (Men’s, Women’s & Kids teams) with over 50 nationalities based in Prague 🇨🇿 #AttackAsOne
Buffalo Tom @buffalotomband
6K Followers 719 Following We are still a band. Usually Bill tweeting. Also see our FB and IG sites. And @billjanovitz.
Bid Detail @bid_details
39 Followers 128 Following BidDetail is providing Government #tenders, Procurement news, Contract awards, and Projects information from Worldwide countries
Rewire the West @RewiretheWest
50K Followers 274 Following Helping you live meaningfully through the pursuit of beauty, truth, and virtue. Start your journey below 👇
George Monbiot @GeorgeMonbiot
583K Followers 3K Following The corpse at every wedding, the bride at every funeral.
Forge IPS @ForgeIPS
765 Followers 61 Following High quality primary and pre-school education for all children of all backgrounds together in South Belfast since 1985
Maybeshewill @Mybshwll
9K Followers 71 Following An Instrumental band born in the city of Leicester. “A bunch of whiny, lefty soyboys with a few great songs here and there.”
Architectural Salvage.. @ni_salvage
389 Followers 373 Following Experts in reclaimed material. 02890732885 https://t.co/mTKz8AKOYG
Wolf of X @tradingMaxiSL
47K Followers 8 Following Empowering minds, Sharing valuable knowledge and insights to elevate your world. DM for credit / removal
Our World in Data @OurWorldInData
299K Followers 21 Following Data and research to understand big global problems and make progress against them. Based out of @UniOfOxford, founded by @MaxCRoser. @[email protected]
Hannah Ritchie @_HannahRitchie
85K Followers 1K Following Deputy Editor @OurWorldinData / Researcher at @UniofOxford / Honorary Fellow at @EdinburghUni @EdCentreCC / Not the End of the World: https://t.co/FoINhggvoR
ONE @ONECampaign
1.5M Followers 3K Following ONE is a global movement campaigning to end extreme poverty & preventable disease by 2030, so everyone, everywhere can lead a life of dignity and opportunity.
ONEAftershocks @ONEAftershocks
2K Followers 977 Following Biting analysis about socioeconomic and political aftershocks in Africa from @ONECampaign's policy experts. Subscribe: https://t.co/cBAicKrto9
Africa-Europe Foundat.. @AfricaEuropeFdn
25K Followers 497 Following Together, we unlock opportunities that can transform Africa-Europe dialogue into action.
ECFR @ecfr
104K Followers 20K Following European Council on Foreign Relations: the only pan-European think-tank. Check out the Power Atlas: https://t.co/kVOzqHbcb7
david_mcnair @David_McNair
18K Followers 3K Following ED Global Policy @ONEcampaign. Founder @ONEAftershocks. @CarnegieEndow non-resident scholar. @ECFR Council. Board @AfricaEuropeFdn. 🏊♂️🎸👨👩👧
Dominic Watters @SingleDadSW
4K Followers 783 Following Council estate writer & speaker👨👧🌆 📝 #LivingExperience ™️ #FoodisCare ™️
FactCheckNI @FactCheckNI
10K Followers 3K Following FactCheckNI is Northern Ireland’s first and only dedicated fact-checking and training service. Accuracy matters.
Mark McAllister @MarkMcA37105475
626 Followers 116 Following Director of Employment Relations Services at the Labour Relations Agency - All views my own - RT not an endorsement. Make working life better. Biker with Beard!
charles mcivor @CharlesEMcIvor
1K Followers 4K Following Mission oriented innovation policy @OECD | Formerly @ised_ca and @nesta_uk | MPA grad @IIPP_UCL | 🇨🇦🇬🇧 in 🇫🇷
Michael Thrower @BevansAdvocate
15K Followers 691 Following he/him | Australian economist living in Sydney | Views expressed are my own | Posts about Econ and welfare states | https://t.co/BNSDfrTpvz
Jari Romppainen @RomppainenJari
12K Followers 85 Following Creative producer, photographer & videomaker and teacher from the middle of real forests📍 Lapland, Finland🌲🇫🇮
Kamila Cygan-Rehm �.. @CyganRehm
605 Followers 543 Following Econ prof (tt) @tudresden_de. Research fellow @LIfBi_Bamberg @CESifoGroup @IZA_Bonn, PhD @FAUWiso. Education, labor, and population economics. Private account
Ludger Woessmann @Woessmann
5K Followers 777 Following Professor of Economics, @LMU_Muenchen; Director, ifo Center for the Economics of Education, @ifo_Institut
Paul Hufe @PaulHufe
2K Followers 1K Following social scientist (economist). interests: equality of opportunity, skill development, and education. Find me @paulhufe.bsky.social
Benjamin Arold @BenjaminArold
1K Followers 1K Following Econ & ML Postdoc @ETH. Incoming AP @cambridge_uni. Before @LMU_Muenchen, @ifo_Institut, @Harvard, @LSEnews, @UCL. Labor/Education, Public, and AI & EconomicsNew PhD course📚 From Numbers to Narratives: Data Techniques in Economics, Demography, and Social Sciences 🤩Lectures by @NJCummins 🗓️17-21 June 🇩🇰 University of Southern Denmark, Odense ⏰ Registration deadline, 1 June (link in comments) 👉Read more: econ.au.dk/old/news-and-e…
Colorful towns & cities with the best views from above - a thread 1. Venice, Italy 🇮🇹
CANCEL EVERYTHING WE ARE STAYING HOME AND WONT NEEED PANTS
Official Trailer: 𝟗𝟗 The story of Man Utd’s remarkable treble-winning season in 1998/99, told by those who were part of it. Coming to Prime Video on 17 May 📺
A brief history of the colour orange:
First: the word itself. A strange word, one of few that famously cannot be rhymed. It comes to modern English from Middle English, itself from Old French, via a host of other languages, originating in Sanskrit and before that Dravidian, as a name for the fruit.
So the word orange was originally used in English to refer to the fruit. From there, at some point in the 16th century, it was adapted to refer to the colour of that fruit. Before that? The colour orange was simply called red-yellow.
Orange's most important meaning, anywhere in the world, is in relation to Buddhism and Hinduism. For these religions it is the holiest colour, dating back to a time when saffron, used to make orange dye, was the most expensive spice of all.
Hence saffron is what the colour orange is called in many parts of the world, taking its name from the spice rather than the fruit. And today, as they have been for centuries, the robes of Hindu and Buddhist monks are dyed with saffron:
Thus the presence of orange — or, more specifically, saffron — on the Indian flag, to represent values of strength and courage, as descended from its religious connotations:
Otherwise, although red and yellow are the most common colours for warning signs — because they have the highest visibility to the human eye — there are certain circumstances when orange is more appropriate. Specifically, whenever water is involved.
This is because orange contrasts with blue more effectively than any other colour; thus everything from lifeboats to lifebuoys are usually orange. It also explains astronauts' orange suits — so that if they land in the sea upon their return to Earth they will be easier to spot.
It's also why the Golden Gate Bridge was painted this colour:
And it even explains with the plethora of film posters that feature orange and blue together, relying on the naturally effective contrast between the two colours to get our attention:
Another vital association is that orange has been, for most of human history, the colour of the night. First with candles and torches, then gas lamps, and then sodium-vapour lamps — it is only recently that orange street lights have been replaced with white LEDs.
Orange is a "warmer" colour on the Kelvin scale, which measures colour temperature, meaning it is less intense. Warmer colours make us relax; colder colours wake us up. Thus the replacement of orange street lights is literally making us more stressed and affecting our sleep.
Orange is also associated with Protestantism by virtue of a long-winded historical coincidence which begins with a small Medieval state in southern France called the Principality of Orange. Its etymology differs from the fruit — it comes from Arausio, the name of a Celtic god.
In time Arausio became Orange and eventually the House of Orange — a noble dynasty which ended up ruling the Netherlands — adopted the colour as their own. The House of Orange fought on the Protestant side in the Wars of Religion, thus forming a bond with the colour.
This association was further cemented when William of Orange became King William III of England in 1689. He defended the Protestants of Ireland, who thus took orange as their colour. Thus the green of the Irish flag represents Catholics and the orange represents Protestants.
And, of course, the fact that the House of Orange ruled the Netherlands — and continues to reign there — means that Dutch national sports teams wear orange. This is one of the most unusual kit colours in sport, and therefore iconic:
As for art, orange has a rather underwhelming history. It was used relatively rarely in Western European art, and during the Renaissance its primary association was revelry. Thus the deities Bacchus and Pomona were often, though not always, depicted in orange:
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