Mesopotamia: The Beginning of Civilization Oldest Civilization: The Mesopotamian Civilization, located in parts of #Iraq, #Iran, #Syria, #Turkey and #Kuwait, founded in 5000 BC, is one of the oldest #civilizations in the world. #Nomenclature: The word #Mesopotamia comes from the #Greek language, meaning land between two rivers. The name describes the region along the Tigris (#Dajla) and Euphrates (#Forats) rivers, where this civilization developed. Irrigated: The alluvium of the #Tigris and #Euphrates rivers created fertile land, suitable for agriculture. This civilization was dependent on irrigation systems, which helped them to develop advanced agriculture. Major Phases: The history of #Mesopotamia #civilization is divided into 4 major phases: 1. Sumerians (4500 - 2000 BC): The #Sumerians were the first inhabitants of the region. They made significant progress in #painting, #literature, #law, #architecture, #astronomy and #mathematics. 2. #Babylonian (2000 - 539 BC) CRÉDIT : World Archaeological History