Exploring the ideas that shaped the West. ✝️ History, Christianity, philosophy & civilization — for those who thirst for truth and deeper understanding.youtube.com/@theo_west1?si…Joined September 2026
From the 1890 chapter "Attention," where James separates passive attention from willed attention. The overlooked point: "sustained" focus is really many short returns, not one unbroken state. He treats it as psychology, not mindfulness.
“The faculty of voluntarily bringing back a wandering attention, over and over again, is the very root of judgment, character, and will.”
— William James, The Principles of Psychology, Ch. XI
James saw sustained attention as repeated acts of returning.
Sex is the most intimate thing two people can do. If you can repeatedly share that intimacy with strangers and walk away without a second thought, I don't believe you have capacity for love and bonding. You basically exist as an animal. I have never understood hookups.
Leibniz's point in the Monadology (1714): no substance acts on another. But closed isn't cut off. One reading: each monad holds inner perceptions of the world, and God's pre-established harmony, not contact, explains the match.
“The Monads have no windows, through which anything could come in or go out.”
— Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Monadology (1714), §7
Closed to causal influence, yet each monad mirrors the world.
#Leibniz#Philosophy
From Creative Evolution, where Bergson contrasts intelligence with instinct. One reading: it's no praise of tech. Intelligence works by cutting life into parts, so it masters matter but misses durée, the lived flow of time, which intuition grasps.
“In short, intelligence, considered in what seems to be its original feature, is the faculty of manufacturing artificial objects, especially tools to make tools, and of indefinitely varying the manufacture.”
— Henri Bergson, Creative Evolution
#Bergson#Philosophy
In Democracy in America, he sets friends of liberty beside religious men. One reading: faith matters as a school of self-control and duty, not church power. He saw US religion shaping civic habits while staying independent of the state.
“Liberty cannot be established without morality, nor morality without faith.”
— Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America
He saw faith as a source of civic virtue, not a call for a state church.
#Tocqueville#Liberty
Smith wrote this in a passage on praise versus being praiseworthy. One reading: we want to truly deserve love, as an inner, impartial judge would see it, not just collect applause. Even self-love, for Smith, carries an inner standard.
“Man naturally desires, not only to be loved, but to be lovely; or to be that thing which is the natural and proper object of love.”
— Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), Part III, Ch. II
“Lovely” here means worthy of love, not merely pretty.
In Leviathan XVII, Hobbes says natural laws like fairness lose to pride and revenge when no power is feared. One reading: the sword isn't about cruelty, but about a public power that makes rights and duties binding, so peace can last.
“And Covenants, without the Sword, are but Words, and of no strength to secure a man at all.”
— Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651), Ch. XVII
Hobbes’ case for a common power that makes agreements binding.
From Sermon 65: an eye must be free of color to see color, so the soul must drop self and go-betweens. One reading: not shared substance, but God's own seeing working through the soul. Inquisitors suspected heresy in such lines. (AI illustration)
“The eye with which I see God is the same eye with which God sees me: my eye and God's eye are one eye, one seeing, one knowing and one love.”
— Meister Eckhart, Sermon “Justi autem” (Walshe translation)
On seeing God without intermediaries.
He sets this in an eye image: to see colour, the eye must have none. So the soul must be emptied first (detachment). One reading: not pantheism, but union in the soul's 'ground,' its deepest layer, with creator and creature still distinct.
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