Barney Graham, MD, PhD @BarneyGrahamMD
Physician, Scientist, Vaccinologist, #MedTwitter. Coronavirus, Influenza, RSV, + Emerging Virus Vaccine Development. Pandemic Preparedness. Social Justice. Atlanta, GA Joined March 2020-
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Thanks to @UltanPower for organizing the @rsv2022 meeting in Belfast. Well done! Largest meeting ever (>600 attendees) and a lot of progress since last in-person meeting in 2018.
It was great to be with Larry Anderson at the @rsv2022 meeting in Belfast where he received the Robert Chanock award for his lifetime research contributions to RSV. We are at the Titanic museum with our wives Karen and Cynthia.
Opportunity Alert: @humanvacproject is now accepting applications for the 2022 #MichelsonPrizes -- $150,000 grants to support promising early-career investigators advancing human #immunology, #vaccine and #immunotherapy research. APPLY: bit.ly/3dQANW0
Having a safe and effective vaccine for RSV has been a career-long dream. Excess mortality in frail elderly is a problem. Hospitalization and lung damage in young infants also problematic. Maternal vaccine to protect babies through 1st 6 months of life also in phase 3 testing.
Having a safe and effective vaccine for RSV has been a career-long dream. Excess mortality in frail elderly is a problem. Hospitalization and lung damage in young infants also problematic. Maternal vaccine to protect babies through 1st 6 months of life also in phase 3 testing.
… a Professor in the Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology (MBI) as of May 1, 2022. In addition, Dr. Graham will serve as Senior Advisor for Global Health Equity in the Office of the President and CEO. My heart is so warm, y’all.
I’m very honored and excited to join Morehouse School of Medicine. I’ll be mentoring and trying to advance a health (and research) equity agenda.
I’m very honored and excited to join Morehouse School of Medicine. I’ll be mentoring and trying to advance a health (and research) equity agenda.
A new syndrome of opportunistic infections was reported in June 1981 and about 2 years later in May 1983 the retrovirus cause of AIDS was reported. Diagnostics were not available until 1984. At the 2 year mark of COVID-19 we have vaccines, therapeutic mAbs, ARVs, & home testing.
This is the two year anniversary of when SARS-CoV-2 sequences were released. It seems like a lifetime ago. It may be worthwhile to reflect briefly on the larger picture of what’s happened instead of the constant angst engendered by the current moment.
I was honored to be recognized with colleagues @KizzyPhD, @WeissmanLab Drew Weissman, and @kkariko in Time magazine recently representing the thousands of scientists involved in the vaccine development process. time.com/heroes-of-the-…
The chance of kids getting myocarditis from Covid-19 are greater than from the vaccine, says Kizzmekia Corbett, the scientist who helped develop the Moderna vaccine. Parents should ask if they prefer their children have "antibodies ready to fight off this virus or not."
It’s official!!! @BarneyGrahamMD & I are Federal Employees of the Year. Tonight, we will accept the “Sammie Award” following an intro from Dr. Fauci - a gratifying moment given our recent re-positioning from @NIH. Here’s to public service forever even from our new posts. 💫 🥂
It’s official!!! @BarneyGrahamMD & I are Federal Employees of the Year. Tonight, we will accept the “Sammie Award” following an intro from Dr. Fauci - a gratifying moment given our recent re-positioning from @NIH. Here’s to public service forever even from our new posts. 💫 🥂 https://t.co/1cCwrYU5gq
Announcing the winners of the 2021 Service to America Medals! From developing the COVID-19 vaccine technology to curbing modern day slavery, these exceptional public servants represent the best in the federal government. Meet the #Sammies2021 winners: bit.ly/Sammies21Honor…
Interested in viral vaccine development? Although you may have heard that I will be retiring from government at the end of this month, the work goes on. Apply for a postdoc position at the Vaccine Research Center at NIAID/NIH! More information here: training.nih.gov/postdoc_jobs_n…
If inclined you can vote for me and Dr. Kizzmekia Corbett (@KizzyPhD) for the Service to America People’s Choice Award through July 2nd. You can vote daily. servicetoamericamedals.org/peoples-choice…
I was honored today by receiving the Sabin Gold Medal for my work in vaccinology and public health. I want to thank all the people I’ve worked with over the years who made this happen. 2021 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Ceremony youtu.be/zOvWd5neHFA via @YouTube
Edward Nirenberg 🇺.. @ENirenberg
36K Followers 6K Following Views my own, but you can borrow them if you feel so inclined. Anti-disease. Big Nerd Energy. “A homework person.” Fun at parties. Antibody hoarder. he/him
Bloom Lab @jbloom_lab
48K Followers 1K Following Lab studying molecular evolution of proteins and viruses. Affiliated with @fredhutch @HHMINEWS @uwgenome. @jbloomlab@bsky
KizzyPhD @KizzyPhD
153K Followers 812 Following Virologist. Vaccinologist. Science Communicator. — My tweets are my own. My science is the world’s. — @KizzyPhD_Lab @HarvardChanSPH @HHMINEWS @hwaspeakers
Jason McLellan @McLellan_Lab
12K Followers 241 Following Professor of Molecular Biosciences The University of Texas at Austin Opinions are my own and not the views of my employer
Jasnah Kholin - 8964 .. @wanderer_jasnah
10K Followers 1K Following HKer. RNA Virologist working on nidovirus/immune system interactions. Insomniac. Life before death. Journey before destination. 一个健康的社會不該只有一種聲音. 解散警隊. ★ she/佢 ★
Victora Lab @victora_lab
5K Followers 611 Following Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics at @RockefellerUniv. Opinions are Gabriel’s own. @victora.bsky.social
Paul G Thomas @PGTimmune
5K Followers 3K Following Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
Paul Young @ProfPaulYoung
8K Followers 343 Following Passionate about science communication and photography - viruses and how to control them @UQ_News @UQ_SCMB 🇦🇺 - he/him
The Veesler Lab @veeslerlab
6K Followers 896 Following Pathogen entry into cells, host immune responses & vaccine design: structural biology, protein design, virology & immunology @HHMINEWS @UWBiochemistry
Roby Bhattacharyya is.. @roby_bhatt
7K Followers 2K Following ID doc @mgh_id, PI @broadinstitute. COVID, abx resistance resister. Hubby @megsise, Dad. Here to learn. Views mine. | https://t.co/cJ6awMmLBM | @roby-b.bsky
Stephanie N. Langel @stephanielangel
8K Followers 4K Following Assistant Professor @CWRUSOM Center for Global Health & Diseases. Studying mucosal immunity w/ a passion for women & children's health. Science is for everyone!
thelonevirologist @thelonevirologi
13K Followers 1K Following Virologist.Likes history, hiking & a good movie.Favourite viruses? Coronavirus,Emerging & Oncogenic Viruses. Job seeker.Favourite country? UK. Dad. Bibliophile.
Kevin Ng @KevinWNg
10K Followers 8K Following @SchmidtFellows postdoc in @Victora_Lab | B cells, vaccines, and cancer | 🏳️🌈 He/him
Camila Coelho, PhD, M.. @camilahcoelho
3K Followers 1K Following Human B cell responses to emerging pathogens. Principal Investigator - Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness @IcahnMountSinai. Latina&proud.
Peter Openshaw @p_openshaw
9K Followers 482 Following Mucosal immunologist and respiratory physician, working on lung infections (esp. COVID, RSV and influenza) at Imperial College London.
Hutchinson Lab @CVRHutchinson
8K Followers 6K Following Molecular virology lab @CVRinfo @UofGlasgow @The_MRC | Social media influenza | Group account | Posts often, but not always, from Ed Hutchinson (he/his)
anode manuka, PhD �.. @theemdphd
3K Followers 1K Following 🏳️🌈🩺 she/her |Abolitionist| A free 🇵🇸 within my lifetime
Sallie Permar MD PhD @SalliePermar
5K Followers 1K Following Chairwoman & Pediatrician-in-Chief @WeillCornell Medical School/NYP Pediatrics; Lab goal: Develop vaccines to prevent neonatal viral pathogens #CMV, #HIV
Jillian Carmichael @ViralCarmichael
6K Followers 911 Following Virologist • Mom • Team herpes and paramyxovirus • She/her • Romance reader •
Miguel Ramos @alcestes1999
0 Followers 12 Following
Hortense @shetosle32639
2 Followers 21 Following The person has not changed, the change is the heart.
beth lowe @BethLowe111
9 Followers 298 Following
Alain @ReneAlain0
56 Followers 1K Following
Dr Alfonso J Rodrigue.. @DrAJRodriguezM
4K Followers 7K Following Trop & Emerg Dis🦠🦟🧬| Research/Teaching UAM🇨🇴/UCSUR🇵🇪/LAU🇱🇧 | Pdt. SLAMVI | EiC TMAID | ISID Council | CPI-API | Past-Pdt. ACIN | H index 63 | Born 🇻🇪
Sara Huang @szu_sora
56 Followers 943 Following
Mawanda Ramadhan @Mawandarama
39 Followers 322 Following
Mehmet Sabır ERTEN @SaBiR73456
48 Followers 170 Following
Cheng Guo @cg2984
99 Followers 378 Following Bioinformatician, virology, pathogen discovery, one health, -omics Data speaks
Derya Unutmaz, MD @DeryaTR_
290K Followers 4K Following Professor, medical scientist, immunologist @jacksonlab research in aging & cancer immunotherapy. Interests: #longevity #robotics #AI #Scifi #tech #space🇺🇸🇹🇷
Flo Débarre @flodebarre
10K Followers 2K Following @[email protected] @flodebarre.bsky.social • CNRS senior researcher, Theoretician in Evolutionary Biology • Own views • EN & FR
Jingjing Lin @JingjingLin9527
1 Followers 3 Following
Nidhi @NidhiMittal_15
78 Followers 307 Following Research Scholar, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science
Jordan Steiner, PhD, .. @jx2jsteiner
908 Followers 4K Following Applied researcher/ #Global #GBV #Sexualviolence #justice #publicsafety #migrants #reprojustice #RPCVBenin; ✡️;Cal/TC/Rutgers alumni; 200-RYT; Opinions mine.
Neema Fathima @_fathima_neema
3 Followers 75 Following
International Vaccine.. @IVIHeadquarters
8K Followers 636 Following The International Vaccine Institute aims to discover, develop & deliver safe, effective & affordable vaccines for #globalhealth.
Bhavna Seth @Seth_Bhavna
2K Followers 3K Following @JHUPCCMFellows via @BMCimRes @BIDMChealth @DirectorLHMC | @scepticemia’s SideKick | 🎼| #MedHist | Whovian | 42 | The human condition
Eche Peter A @EchePeterA1
42 Followers 199 Following
My Perfume Is Bluegra.. @sandmarv83
638 Followers 2K Following Christian. Wife. Mother. Grandmother. Retired Teacher. Coal Miners Daughter. Kentucky Girl. Deleted my first account, now just watching the show.
Jessica M Jiron @cassini56
520 Followers 2K Following Doctoral candidate @UToledo l Studying host-virus interaction of flaviviruses l @UF alumni l #firstgen l 🇺🇸🇳🇮
Edwards Pradenas @EdwardsMLSc
101 Followers 713 Following Immunology scientist at @IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute | HIV, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines, Neutralizing Antibodies, Humoral Immunity
Lobna @Lobnacting
1K Followers 4K Following Beta cells slayer #UnivHealth #Access #Insulin4all 💙 #goveg #vaccineswork 🚭 Would love to drive a banana-fueled Delorean across time! ALL TWEETS PERSONAL
Bianca Beltrán @BiancaNBCBoston
5K Followers 10K Following Reporter @nbc10boston @telemundoNI [email protected] Talent Appearance Request: https://t.co/LshYVdmHIT
Maura Statzu @MauStatzu
125 Followers 395 Following Post doctoral fellow studying HIV and T cell immunology at @EmoryUniversity, @DeannaKulpa @SilvestriMD and @PaiardiniLab lab. From Sardinia, Italy 🇮🇹
saurav bhattarai @shaurav48
29 Followers 162 Following UNMC graduate student intrested in neuro immunology, neurodegenerative disease and virology.
Puglisi Labs @puglisilab
2K Followers 718 Following The Puglisi labs @stanford. Molecular mechanism and dynamics of mRNA translation and HIV. single molecule | structural biology ❄️🔬🚦🔬💊 Student run account
Joseph Marcus @JosephMarcusID
1K Followers 1K Following Infectious diseases MD, toddler parent, lifelong learner. Opinions are my own
Miri Krupkin @MiriKrupkin
2K Followers 4K Following Postdoc @PuglisiLab at @Stanford @StanfordMed. HIV | RNA | ribosome | antibiotics | structural biology 🔬💊👩🏻🔬. @YonathLab @WeizmannScience alumnus.
Nairita Ahsan Faruqui @NairitaFaruqui
196 Followers 1K Following Ph.D. Student of Biological Sciences (MOCB), University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) || Biotech Graduate, Brac University
Riyadh | Health @Riyadh1Health
181 Followers 3K Following #secure in your property, #healthy body, & day #food, it is as if the whole world were brought to you. — Riyadh (on #X since 2008) Old clinic owner.
yogesh vegunta @yogeshVEGUNTA
59 Followers 2K Following Cryo-EM Scientist | Love Microscopes | Fascianted by Molecular Machines | Host-Pathogen Interactions | Passionate about Drug Discovery Science
Tim Katz @TimKatz10
344 Followers 4K Following
Esteban Rodriguez @ERodriguezR17
52 Followers 68 Following Chilean Biochemist, Master student of Molecular Biomedicine.
Sara Jerving @sarajerving
5K Followers 4K Following Global health journalist at @Devex [email protected]
Abasiofon @Dan_Ianaise
770 Followers 2K Following Forever in Love with the dreamy Eket belle @Mfonobong_❤️. Off studying B cell Cholesterol Metabolism and HIV-1 Disease Progression @IDPittStop @somgradpitt.
Shreya Teredesai @TeredesaiS65
20 Followers 89 Following
Dr. Kalpesh $BEYOND @aix3313
1K Followers 3K Following "Passionate MD dedicated to healing and promoting wellness. Lifelong learner, patient advocate, and believer in the power of compassionate care. 🩺💙"
Oksana @RxOksana
11 Followers 148 Following
Blacksea @BlackManWkgHrd
299 Followers 772 Following Advocate for better living sans chemistry. Tweets here are my opinion. He/Him/His
suberin @suberin_suberin
15 Followers 238 Following
#Patient2PA @Patient2Premed
1K Followers 3K Following #patient2pa : adventures of a cancer patient diagnosed with stage IV Hodgkin Lymphoma & pursuing a career in emergency medicine. #girlmedtwitter #medtwitter
Khaled Imran @TheRedeemed420
18 Followers 522 Following
Persister @LeixinGao
110 Followers 638 Following How many roads a man must walk down before u call him a man& mRNA based theraputics
Nhan Nguyen @thenhan94
83 Followers 933 Following
Bloom Lab @jbloom_lab
48K Followers 1K Following Lab studying molecular evolution of proteins and viruses. Affiliated with @fredhutch @HHMINEWS @uwgenome. @jbloomlab@bsky
KizzyPhD @KizzyPhD
153K Followers 812 Following Virologist. Vaccinologist. Science Communicator. — My tweets are my own. My science is the world’s. — @KizzyPhD_Lab @HarvardChanSPH @HHMINEWS @hwaspeakers
Jason McLellan @McLellan_Lab
12K Followers 241 Following Professor of Molecular Biosciences The University of Texas at Austin Opinions are my own and not the views of my employer
Peter Openshaw @p_openshaw
9K Followers 482 Following Mucosal immunologist and respiratory physician, working on lung infections (esp. COVID, RSV and influenza) at Imperial College London.
King Lab @KingLabIPD
3K Followers 82 Following News from the King Lab @UW. Part of @UWproteindesign and @UWBiochemistry. Some assembly required.
Morehouse School of M.. @MSMEDU
5K Followers 964 Following Morehouse School of Medicine is dedicated to improving the health and well-being of underserved communities in urban and rural Georgia and the nation.
Meharry Medical Colle.. @MeharryMedical
8K Followers 430 Following Meharry Medical College founded in 1876, is the nation’s largest private, independent historically black academic health center.
Dr. Montgomery Rice @MSMPres
3K Followers 464 Following President and CEO of Morehouse School of Medicine, infertility specialist and researcher, women's health advocate, and proud member of DST and The Links, Inc
International Vaccine.. @IVACtweets
7K Followers 1K Following @JohnsHopkinsSPH @JohnsHopkinsIH. IVAC accelerates global access to vaccines through development & implementation of evidence-based policies.
Sabin Vaccine Institu.. @sabinvaccine
12K Followers 1K Following We are a global health non-profit on a mission to make vaccines more accessible, enable innovation and expand immunization across the globe.
Rochelle Walensky, MD.. @RWalensky
79K Followers 395 Following Nominee for CDC Director, Chief of Infectious Diseases @MGHMedicine, Decision science researcher, Mother of boys
Vice President Kamala.. @VP
14.5M Followers 6 Following Vice President of the United States. Wife to the first @SecondGentleman. Momala. Auntie. Fighting for the people. Text me: 310-861-2977
Trevor Bedford @trvrb
443K Followers 839 Following Scientist @fredhutch, studying viruses, evolution and immunity. Collection of #COVID19 threads here: https://t.co/Yc4fun5rcp
David Fisman @DFisman
129K Followers 13K Following Notoriously unfair to viruses, bacteria, fungi, anti-vaxxers, and the Toronto Star. Roasting marshmallows over Elon’s trash-fire, but with declining frequency.
John Mascola, MD @jrmascola
483 Followers 275 Following physician-scientist, vaccine research, science for public health, vaccines for life; views are my own
Lawrence Wright @lawrence_wright
46K Followers 269 Following Staff writer for The New Yorker. Author of The Looming Tower, Going Clear, and God Save Texas. Screenwriter, playwright, keyboard player for Austin band WhoDo.
BBC Breaking News @BBCBreaking
51.7M Followers 3 Following Breaking news alerts and updates from the BBC. For news, features, analysis follow @BBCWorld (international) or @BBCNews (UK). Latest sport news @BBCSport.
National Geographic @NatGeo
29.2M Followers 192 Following Taking our understanding and awareness of the world further for more than 135 years
The Ward Lab @WardLab1
3K Followers 259 Following A structural bio lab using electron microscopes to study HIV, Ebola, Flu, Malaria, Coronaviruses, and membrane proteins. Views are our own.
Prof. Akiko Iwasaki @VirusesImmunity
220K Followers 2K Following We study antiviral immunity and viral disease pathogenesis. #COVID19 #longCOVID #vaccines @HHMINEWS @YaleIBIO @YaleMed @YaleCII President of @ImmunologyAAI
Jon Cohen @sciencecohen
41K Followers 2K Following Science magazine staff writer on infectious diseases, outbreaks, immunology, vaccines, global health, genomics, CRISPR, surfing. Views mine. @[email protected]
Eric Topol @EricTopol
694K Followers 589 Following physician-scientist, author, editor. Ground Truths: https://t.co/YhatcBT0hA
David Aronoff @DMAronoff
8K Followers 4K Following Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Maternal-Child Health. Music fan. Meh drummer. My views = mine. He/him. I'm david.aronoff on threads
Marc Lipsitch @mlipsitch
222K Followers 2K Following @[email protected] This place is getting more sinister, maybe on my way out. Director @CCDD_HSPH Tweets in personal capacity. Didn’t pay for blue check
IDSA @IDSAInfo
74K Followers 824 Following News & information from the Infectious Diseases Society of America, a community of 13,000+ physicians, scientists & public health experts who specialize in ID.
Florian Krammer @florian_krammer
338K Followers 1K Following Viruses, viruses, viruses and vaccines. V5=3xancestral+1x bivalent+1xXBB Professor at the Department of Microbiology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Prof. Shane Crotty @profshanecrotty
52K Followers 303 Following Vaccines and immune system scientist. Professor, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), a non-profit research institute @ljiresearch. PhD not MD.
Alessandro Sette @SetteLab
7K Followers 264 Following
Bathsheba Grossman @BathshebaSculpt
1K Followers 63 Following Designer for 3D printing @[email protected]
Kathleen Neuzil @kathleen_neuzil
1K Followers 448 Following
James Nokes @nokesdj
954 Followers 73 Following Virus transmission in communities to inform on optimal interventions. RSV, rotavirus. Work with brilliant Kenya team
Michelle Obama @MichelleObama
22.1M Followers 18 Following Girl from the South Side and former First Lady. Wife, mother, dog lover. Always hugger-in-chief. #TheLightWeCarry
United Nations @UN
16.5M Followers 1K Following Official account of the United Nations. For peace, dignity & equality on a healthy planet.
Kamala Harris @KamalaHarris
19.8M Followers 720 Following Fighting for the people. Wife, Momala, Auntie. She/her. Official account is @VP.
Joe Biden @JoeBiden
38.0M Followers 46 Following Husband to @DrBiden, proud father and grandfather. Ready to finish the job for all Americans. Official account is @POTUS.
CDC @CDCgov
5.6M Followers 256 Following CDC's official source for daily credible health & safety updates from Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. Privacy/comment policy: https://t.co/9LbZmE3Wzg
World Health Organiza.. @WHO
12.3M Followers 2K Following We are the #UnitedNations’ health agency - #HealthForAll. ▶️ Always check our latest tweets on #COVID19 for updated advice/information.
DEREAUX STUDIO @annedereaux
10K Followers 796 Following Exploring architectural fantasy and integrating AI in professional practice. 🔩⚙️ Built works https://t.co/2m16kCAbpG | Dwell 24
Cynthia TurnerGraham @DrCynthiaTG
342 Followers 237 Following Immediate-Past President, Black Psychiatrists of America, Inc. on the BACK 50, living on purpose. . . mindfully, wide-awake, and loving the journey!Excited to be here celebrating this honor with our friends in DC! @BarneyGrahamMD
Congratulations Barney S. Graham of @MSMEDU, newly inducted #NASmember! #NAS160 #microbialbiology #immunology
So many cool new NAS members to gratulate! It is awesome to see our own Yasmin Hurd @neurovoice and Helen Mayberg @HelenMaybergMD becoming NAS members. And Arturo Casadevall @ACasadevall1 and Barney Graham @BarneyGrahamMD! And Federica Sallusto @sallustolab! So well deserved!
@ENirenberg @jrmascola @McLellan_Lab @David_RMartinez Just seeing this. Transplacental transfer of antibodies is biased towards IgG1 & IgG3. Alum adjuvant tends to increase the relative amount of IgG2 & IgG4 because of its influence on cytokine production. To understand the result would need to do isotype specific antibody assays.
The chance of kids getting myocarditis from Covid-19 are greater than from the vaccine, says Kizzmekia Corbett, the scientist who helped develop the Moderna vaccine. Parents should ask if they prefer their children have "antibodies ready to fight off this virus or not."
It’s official!!! @BarneyGrahamMD & I are Federal Employees of the Year. Tonight, we will accept the “Sammie Award” following an intro from Dr. Fauci - a gratifying moment given our recent re-positioning from @NIH. Here’s to public service forever even from our new posts. 💫 🥂
Two NIH scientists who helped develop #COVID19 framework (including @KizzyPhD) named Federal Employees of the Year - washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/…
The Sammies are the Service to America Awards given government employees each year in different categories. @KizzyPhD and I are finalists in the People’s Choice category. If you agree with the shirt you can vote every day. servicetoamericamedals.org/peoples-choice…
Dereaux Studio is where culture meets the built environment. Architectural design Immersive Experiences Creative Direction We’re open. 🧱
Tap in with Anne. She’s brilliant. And creative. And will get yo shit together.
Dereaux Studio is where culture meets the built environment. Architectural design Immersive Experiences Creative Direction We’re open. 🧱
Messed around and created a life I’m excited to wake up to. 🕊
@DrCynthiaTG @annedereaux Today’s African proverb: “One does not escape fate by running.”
When the president calls ya momma after getting a science lesson from ya daddy. This is a really sweet story, I appreciate when people are kind for no reason. @POTUS
He was interested, attentive, knowledgeable, and asked good questions. I am encouraged. At the end I said my wife Dr. Cynthia Turner-Graham and grandson DJ wanted me to say hello for them. He pulled his phone out, asked for her number, and called her! What a gift.
CoVID-2 vaccine development started with a burgeoning curiosity and fascination of infectious disease processes from our medical school years. I was there.
Using nucleic acid (DNA) vaccines it took 20 months to start a Phase 1 in 2003 for the first SARS, 11 months for the H5 avian influenza scare in 2005, 4 months in 2009 for H1 pandemic strain, and 100 days for Zika in 2016.
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