Ethan Iverson @TheEthanIverson
Unrepentantly obsessed with influenza virus. Interested in virus-host interactions, virus pleomorphy, airway epithelium and immune history. Not an immunologist. Joined April 2012-
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“The next flu pandemic—whether caused by an avian influenza A(H5N1) virus or otherwise—seems inevitable.” #vogelgriep thelancet.com/journals/lanin…
I’m excited to discuss our latest research on how ambient CO2 affects how long #SARSCoV2 remains infectious in air. We report that even subtle increases in CO2 affects both how long #COVIDisAirborne and transmission risk. Here’s a🧵going over the findings nature.com/articles/s4146…
With identification of PB2-M631L, PA-K497R, PA-E613K in cattle lineage... there is a timely preprint from @wendybarclay11 and Grimes labs with a CryoEM structure of #H5N1 (A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005) FluPolA polymerase complex with human ANP32B. researchsquare.com/article/rs-371…
With identification of PB2-M631L, PA-K497R, PA-E613K in cattle lineage... there is a timely preprint from @wendybarclay11 and Grimes labs with a CryoEM structure of #H5N1 (A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005) FluPolA polymerase complex with human ANP32B. researchsquare.com/article/rs-371…
The human case in Texas still clusters outgrouped to the entire cattle cluster, indicating that they were likely infected prior to the sampled infection from the cattle represented in this tree. This is true across the entire genome.
Our latest preprint (not peer reviewed yet). Influenza's M2 proton channel is cleaved by caspases to remove the LIR motif. We solve co-crystal structure of M2 and LC3 to show it's not overlapping with cleavage site. Great collaboration with @avi_cmbi. biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
So, *preliminary* molecular clock analyses indicate that the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the US cattle flu clade was late December. TMRCA of that clade and the closest relatives in birds, mid-December. If single intro, likely between those rough dates.
OK, I think we're close to decisive evidence that US bovine H5N1 had a single origin from birds, and that when related viruses from birds *have* been found, they are jumps from cattle back into birds. Grackles, blackbirds, chickens all show mammalian adaptation like PB2 M631L.
My understanding is that these bird (and cat) viruses within the "bovine" clade were sampled from farms that had bovine H5N1. So, are the birds on these farms giving this virus to the cattle, or are the cattle giving it to the birds? It is cattle to birds very likely.
Structures of influenza A and B replication complexes explain avian to human host adaption and reveal a role of ANP32 as an ... biorxiv.org/cgi/content/sh… #biorxiv_molbio
Great work from @MichaelWorobey @xrayfoo , et al. to generate consensus sequences from the USDA raw sequence data released by the USDA. Lots more analysis is needed, as well as information on cattle movement but sequences seem consistent with a single source introduction
Great work from @MichaelWorobey @xrayfoo , et al. to generate consensus sequences from the USDA raw sequence data released by the USDA. Lots more analysis is needed, as well as information on cattle movement but sequences seem consistent with a single source introduction
Another good perspective on the current, spreading outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in the food supply. Great points by @mtosterholm @michaelmina_lab @andrewpekosz by @lisamjarvis in @Bloomberg @business bloomberg.com/opinion/articl…
U.S. government in hot seat for response to growing cow flu outbreak science.org/content/articl…
As I've been writing this on typefully, I've just learned that 249 genome ssequences have finally been released. I am going to hop off here and start have a look now. But thing I can guarantee is that if these genomes had been released in real time...
@PeacockFlu I find it interesting because the Texas cow PB2 seqs in GISAID are E627 I believe while the human case associated with that cluster is K627. I may be wrong but that's what I recall. It would be weird if the mutation doesn't come up in the cows but than swiftly in a human.
It's been getting on for a year since I wrote this thread - heres a bit of an update of where we are with the evidence for mammal-to-mammal transmission of H5N1s. x.com/peacockflu/sta…
It's been getting on for a year since I wrote this thread - heres a bit of an update of where we are with the evidence for mammal-to-mammal transmission of H5N1s. x.com/peacockflu/sta…
Excited to share our @NatImmunol News & Views discussing this 👇 @NatureMicrobiol paper on aging of nose epithelial cells, #IFNs, & #COVID19 in light of the works of @virusninja @casanova_lab @BrodinPetter @ordovas_phd @CBLopezLab @DavidLRobrtson et al!👉 rdcu.be/dFb9A
Excited to share our @NatImmunol News & Views discussing this 👇 @NatureMicrobiol paper on aging of nose epithelial cells, #IFNs, & #COVID19 in light of the works of @virusninja @casanova_lab @BrodinPetter @ordovas_phd @CBLopezLab @DavidLRobrtson et al!👉 rdcu.be/dFb9A
What connects two regions on opposite ends of NSP12, a narrow slice of an obscure NSP3 region (DPUP/SUD-C), & a 3-AA sliver of nucleocapsid (N)? I have no idea, but I’m convinced there’s a link that could help reveal the inner workings of SARS-CoV-2. 1/120
Pre-print with some genomic data for H5N1 in dairy cattle and cats. Shows how H5N1 keeps evolving...not great. Also shows that this strain has some but not many important mammalian adaptation markers...so far, so good. Still need more epi data. wormsandgermsblog.com/2024/04/articl…
The origins of RNA viruses can be hard to trace. This #ReviewedPreprint considers a more recent origin for coronaviruses and suggests their diversification occurred mainly through host switching rather than diversification with hosts. elifesciences.org/reviewed-prepr…
Lots of fair questions in this article. I do not envy the heavy task of the USDA and supporting labs and researchers, but there has to be more information sharing to the best of their ability. #influenza #H5N1 statnews.com/2024/04/18/h5n…
Stuart Neil @stuartjdneil
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I’m excited to discuss our latest research on how ambient CO2 affects how long #SARSCoV2 remains infectious in air. We report that even subtle increases in CO2 affects both how long #COVIDisAirborne and transmission risk. Here’s a🧵going over the findings nature.com/articles/s4146…
With identification of PB2-M631L, PA-K497R, PA-E613K in cattle lineage... there is a timely preprint from @wendybarclay11 and Grimes labs with a CryoEM structure of #H5N1 (A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005) FluPolA polymerase complex with human ANP32B. researchsquare.com/article/rs-371…
One big question has been whether these cattle viruses carry known, mammal-adaptive mutations. None of the cattle sequences have PB2 E627K, but all have M631L, an alternative, putative adaptive mutation. nextstrain.org/avian-flu/h5n1…
The human case in Texas still clusters outgrouped to the entire cattle cluster, indicating that they were likely infected prior to the sampled infection from the cattle represented in this tree. This is true across the entire genome.
Our latest preprint (not peer reviewed yet). Influenza's M2 proton channel is cleaved by caspases to remove the LIR motif. We solve co-crystal structure of M2 and LC3 to show it's not overlapping with cleavage site. Great collaboration with @avi_cmbi. biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
So, *preliminary* molecular clock analyses indicate that the time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of the US cattle flu clade was late December. TMRCA of that clade and the closest relatives in birds, mid-December. If single intro, likely between those rough dates.
OK, I think we're close to decisive evidence that US bovine H5N1 had a single origin from birds, and that when related viruses from birds *have* been found, they are jumps from cattle back into birds. Grackles, blackbirds, chickens all show mammalian adaptation like PB2 M631L.
My understanding is that these bird (and cat) viruses within the "bovine" clade were sampled from farms that had bovine H5N1. So, are the birds on these farms giving this virus to the cattle, or are the cattle giving it to the birds? It is cattle to birds very likely.
Structures of influenza A and B replication complexes explain avian to human host adaption and reveal a role of ANP32 as an ... biorxiv.org/cgi/content/sh… #biorxiv_molbio
@TheEthanIverson @BrianRWasik Even if this is so. We are coming on 2 months..
Great work from @MichaelWorobey @xrayfoo , et al. to generate consensus sequences from the USDA raw sequence data released by the USDA. Lots more analysis is needed, as well as information on cattle movement but sequences seem consistent with a single source introduction
Here is a link to 239 consensus genome sequences, assembled by @xrayfoo, from sequencing reads of 2.3.4.4b H5N1 influenza A virus from cattle and other species. github.com/andersen-lab/a…
Another good perspective on the current, spreading outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in the food supply. Great points by @mtosterholm @michaelmina_lab @andrewpekosz by @lisamjarvis in @Bloomberg @business bloomberg.com/opinion/articl…
U.S. government in hot seat for response to growing cow flu outbreak science.org/content/articl…
Yeah, this is where we are at. I'm too tired to play games. I just want to see the data. I'm just assuming there will be a more formal report. And I'll post it here. All the rest is a waste of my bandwidth atm. #H5N1 x.com/helenbranswell…
@TheEthanIverson No, just WGS data as far as I can tell
@TheEthanIverson @MichaelWorobey x.com/usda_aphis/sta…
(2/2) ...and the recent H5N1 event in dairy cattle to encourage more disease research. More here: aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poul…
As I've been writing this on typefully, I've just learned that 249 genome ssequences have finally been released. I am going to hop off here and start have a look now. But thing I can guarantee is that if these genomes had been released in real time...
I totally get what Michael is saying - but I think we need to imagine a new strategy in this situation. Swabbing and testing farm works individually is just not gonna work. These people are overwhelmingly going to be migrant and undocumented workers that will refuse.
Surveillance for a potential zoonotic jump of bird flu using ER visits as a main source of data seems like a “little too late” strategy How about… I don’t know, asking the people on the farms where outbreaks have been detected to provide swabs on a routine basis. That would be…
We may have to think of some type of population level testing of human exposure cases (eg waste, environmental sampling) or a robust non-ID strategy that gets at the virus identification and dynamics in absence of any specific individual human host.